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Para la innovación ambiental debemos cambiar la forma de pensar

07.09.2010 | 61 Comments

Al hablar de innovación y emprendimiento ambiental se nos vienen a nuestra memoria numerosos ejemplos de nuevas tecnologías amigables con el medioambiente y que usualmente observamos en programas del National Geographic Channel, Discovery Channel, Discovery Science, Ciencia Entretenida, artículos de prensa e internet entre otros tantos. Inmediatamente nos imaginamos que tales desarrollos los podríamos realizar en Chile, pensando en energías renovables no convencionales y su tecnología de celdas fotovoltaicas, carreteras captadoras de energía, colectores solares, sistemas de captura de carbono, nanotecnología, entre otras tantas, que no son ni nada menos que tecnologías desarrolladas a partir del fruto de largas etapas de investigación y desarrollo como de fuertes inversiones y de emprendimientos asociativos.

Al dimensionar la envergadura de tales desarrollos lo primero que se nos viene a considerar es que estos implican capacitarnos nosotros mismos a alto nivel por medio de postgrados –necesitamos primero entender cómo funcionan las cosas que queremos desarrollar- como de tener que competir por la obtención de fondos sobre la base que alguien crea en nuestros desarrollos nacionales y no sólo en lo que proviene del extranjero. La segunda temática es considerar que los costos de realizar la empresarización de una buena idea para cualquier proyecto a ese nivel, donde el no conseguir fondos para desarrollarlo nos lleva a pensar en no hacer nada o de conformarnos de ser simplemente representantes de alguna firma grande. Esto nos lleva a la típica forma de pensar de comprar barato y vender caro, pero sin desarrollo y menos con innovación. Comprar una tecnología afuera y traerla es muy caro, pero es el pensamiento típico.

El problema de esto último radica, en que cuando hemos traído la tecnología – lo mal llamado transferencia tecnológica – o pretendemos desarrollar algo, esta no puede ser implementada porque no hay productos que soporten su instalación. ¿De qué estoy hablando?

De la realidad, de los desafíos para que nuevas tecnologías lleguen a Chile donde hay espacios o “nichos de mercado” no desarrollados y que precisamente son la piedra de tope para tales nuevas tecnologías verdes sean implementadas. La experiencia que he visto entre numerosas empresas que han intentado traer grandes tecnologías o incluso desarrollarlas, es que estas se han encontrado con grandes problemas al intentar disminuir los costos de implementación; es decir, su cadena de suministro, los proveedores no son verdes ni producen lo que se necesita.

¿Un ejemplo? Al conocer a fondo las experiencias de enverdecimiento de edificios como Falabella Verde y la misma Torre Titanium; conversando desde gerentes hasta quienes fueron sus implementadores, la historia más que parecer un cuento de dulce emprendimiento parece una narración de guerra con todas las batallas que tuvieron que dar para llegar a lo que finalmente uno ve construido con atributos de valor y de inspiración.

Por ejemplo, aparecen múltiples espacios para que a pequeña escala y paso a paso se puede levantar toda una industria verde, que migre desde una estrategia de competitividad hacia una estrategia de sustentabilidad. ¿Dónde están los espacios? En la falta de proveedores con características verdes.

A nivel de construcción, en ambos emprendimientos, por ejemplo, se necesitaban empresas que fueran proveedoras de pinturas con ciertos atributos que hoy en el mercado nacional no existen. Preguntas como: ¿Tus pinturas están certificadas? ¿Cuál es tu huella? ¿Poseen una composición libre del elemento X? Ambas sonaban al oído del común proveedor como otro idioma y que en vez de ser tomadas como una oportunidad de mercado, eran consideradas como una tomada de pelo y un problema. De acuerdo a mi visión, existían muchas oportunidades en esas preguntas, desde alguien que certifique nuevos productos con características Green hasta el desarrollo de nuevos productos e insumos para volvernos necesarios a quienes hoy han empezado a migrar hacia tales tendencias.

Sin embargo, la primera reacción de los proveedores, al verse solicitados de tales nuevos materiales ambientalmente amigables, fue buscar comprar a alguien en el extranjero para después venderlo en Chile, o sea comprar y vender sin desarrollar. Lamentable error. ¿Por qué un error? Porque uno de los requisitos de quienes traen nuevas tecnologías es poder desarrollarlas con la menor huella posible, mientras que importar productos desde afuera trae muchas veces una huella de carbono desconocida y ya enorme por las distancias de viaje. En vista de las exigencias de consumidores internacionales de etiquetar nuestros productos con una huella de agua o carbono, esta es una reverenda estupidez.

¿Otro ejemplo? Los sistemas de cableados para construcciones verdes están migrando hacia considerar sistemas de electrificación modulares y ya no los sistemas típicos a los cuales estamos acostumbrados en las grandes tiendas y que suelen ser de numerosos cables sobre nuestras cabezas. El diseño de tales sistemas no requiere de grandes doctorados para ser innovadores y dar soluciones sustentables, sino de innovar en las necesidades del cliente para evitarse un cableado no sólo antiestético sino que improductivo.

¿Otro ejemplo? Muchas empresas están tratando de calcular su huella de carbono e inventario. ¿Alguien ha pensado en satisfacer requerimientos de nuevos productos fabricados en Chile sobre materiales reciclados, como vasos, utensilios de alimentación, elementos constructivos, etc.? Alguien pensará de la forma tradicional: “no se puede competir con los productos chinos”. Sí, cierto, en cuanto a precio, pero eso es ser miope y corto placista. Si las empresas que quieren exportar a mercados extranjeros donde se exigirá un nuevo tipo de etiquetado, ni piense que comprará productos chinos con una gran huella resultado de su importación, además de desconocer la veracidad acerca del cómo fue fabricado. Por tanto, usted puede adelantarse a aquellos requerimientos que se vendrán y ser un gran proveedor verde.

¿Un último ejemplo? Pepsi, al calcular su huella de carbono logró determinar que a nivel de sus procesos habían alcanzado ya su mínimo nivel de emisión; mientras que su gran huella provenía desde los campos de cultivos de los cuales algunos de sus insumos provenían. Ellos hoy, han empezado a potenciar la implementación de nuevas prácticas para el desarrollo de campos sustentables apoyando a sus proveedores para que migren a Green. Esto se llama Cooperatividad Sustentable.

Por lo tanto, espacios de innovación ambiental existen, sólo debemos aprender a cambiar nuestra forma de ver las cosas como de pensar nuevos negocios, negocios sustentables.

« La diferencia entre... | Main | Sustentabilidad en... »

Comments:

¿Como llamarias a la siguiente situacion?: En calle Av. General Velasques (casi frente al ex aeropuerto cerrillos y cerca de A. Vespucio)se levantaron dptos. con beneficio de subsidios, se instalaron colectores solares para agua por deptos. con el consiguiente beneficio monetario que le otorga la ley de energias renovables, el unico detalle poco etico es que el 50% de las instalaciones de los colectores no esta orientada hacia el sol, situacion que es facilmente comprobable a simple vista?? <8(

Posted by Fantomas on July 09, 2010 at 05:08 PM CLT #

Interesante el artículo, claro y al punto. Respecto a la huella de carbono y siendo Chile esencialmente un importador de bienes intermedios y de consumo final, no me queda claro que la huella debida al transporte quede eliminada de la ecuación.
Por otro lado hay opciones tecnológicas conocidas y disponibles, como la aislación térmica, que tendrían un enorme impacto 'verde' y un muy concreto beneficio económico para los usuarios. Pero nadie 'pesca'.

Posted by Daniel Rodriguez on July 09, 2010 at 07:05 PM CLT #

Sin comentarios Fantomas, me parece mal

Posted by Alex Godoy on July 09, 2010 at 07:44 PM CLT #

La tecnología para construir y manejar molinos eólicos y de río no tiene exclusividades ni secretos, (tal vez algún derecho de autor); o sea, PODEMOS construirlos en Chile.
Para esto se necesitan proyectos de ley, los cuales son aprobados por senadores y diputados, que -a su vez- son elegidos POR NOSOTROS.
Moraleja: votar por quienes se comprometan con la aprobación de leyes QUE NOS BENEFICIEN A TODOS, y en el futuro NEGAR el voto a los que se den vuelta la chaqueta y no cumplan.
Saludos.

Posted by Daniel Yovanovic on July 09, 2010 at 09:59 PM CLT #

Alex.
Le sugiero mirar un aporte que acabo de mandar.

Posted by Daniel Yovanovic on July 09, 2010 at 10:00 PM CLT #

Daniel, ¿a donde lo envió?

Posted by Alex Godoy on July 09, 2010 at 10:20 PM CLT #

Ya se publicó. Gracias.
Es que en el primer intento me resultó "spam", tal vez por una falla del sistema (usted puede constatar que la intención es APORTAR al debate).
Saludos.

Posted by Daniel Yovanovic on July 10, 2010 at 09:05 AM CLT #

Continúa fallando el sistema (le informo).

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